Histiology of pancreas

Based upon the cell type divided into EXOCRINE, ENDOCRINE and other type of cells

EXOCRINE part of the gland is usually made up of tubular acini cells which secretes zymogens

ENDOCRINE part of the gland is made up of microscopic elements called Islte of langerhans which help in the hormone production and digestion

OTHER TYPES OF CELLS

BETA CELLS-constitute about 80% of cell production

                        grandular and basophilic

                        secretes insulin

ALPHA CELLS-constitute about 20% cell production

                           granular and acidophilic 

                           subtypes:ALPHA1-secretes gastrin and secretin

                                         ALPHA2-secretes glucagon 

Nerve supply of pancreas

1.VAGUS or parasympathetic nerves
2.Sympathetic nerves
Both together supply the pancreas through the plexus around the artery

Sympathetic nerves supply are usually vasomotor

Parasympathetic nerves help in the sercetion of the pancreatic juice which helps in the digestion of fat, protein and carbohydrates

Hormone production is also controlled by an enzymes called cholecystikinin secreted by the duodenal epithelium

Venous drainage of pancreas

1.Portal vein

2.Superior mesenteric vein

3.Splenic vein

Blood supply of pancreas

1.Hepatic branch of splenic artery
2.Superior mesenteric artery
3.Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
4.Inferior pancreatioduodenal artery 

Anatomy

Pancreas is an organ which is J-shaped or retort shaped, set obliquely

Basically an exocrine and endocrine gland

Consists of main duct of wirsung and accessory duct of santorini

Measures about 15-20 long, 2.5-3.8cm board and 1.2-1.8cm thick

Weighs about 90g
Situated in the space between subcostal space and transpyloric plane
It consists of uncinate process, head, body, neck and tail
Surface marking:-tail points to the hilum of the spllen
                        -body is marked as two parallel line abt 3 cm apart
                        -neck points upwards and to the left
                        
secrets about 1500-3000ml of osmotic alkaline fluid/day
Basal rate is about 0.2-0.3ml/day
It lies in the epigastric and left hypochondrium of the abdomen
Palpated against the spinal process of T12 and against the middle of the vertebrate L1